{"id":5671,"date":"2022-06-07T15:43:31","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T15:43:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/45.119.114.148\/iisernew\/?page_id=5671"},"modified":"2022-06-22T15:59:45","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T15:59:45","slug":"pmr-fellowship-report-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/pmrf\/jobin-varughese\/pmr-fellowship-report-1\/","title":{"rendered":"PMR FELLOWSHIP REPORT 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5671\" class=\"elementor elementor-5671\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9993d25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9993d25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4dcb733\" data-id=\"4dcb733\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9c5eff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9c5eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.10.0 - 09-01-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">REPORT FOR PMR FELLOWSHIP FROM JUNE 2020 - NOVEMBER 2021<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-73f513d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73f513d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-799139d\" data-id=\"799139d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ca0ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ca0ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.10.0 - 09-01-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"188\" src=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/jobin.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4161\" alt=\"Jobin Varughese Profile pic\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width:100%;height:125.33%;max-width:150px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1057aa3\" data-id=\"1057aa3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4de5359 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4de5359\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">JOBIN VARUGHESE<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe1da0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fe1da0c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a237fb\" data-id=\"1a237fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ffd6e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ffd6e9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-94901e8\" data-id=\"94901e8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e79534 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e79534\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.10.0 - 09-01-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>PhD Topic<\/strong><strong>: NATIVE BIODIVERSITY IN EXOTIC, INVASIVE TIMBER LANDSCAPES OF TROPICAL MOUNTAINS<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0034bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0034bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Executive Summary<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352faca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"352faca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mountainous regions are unique elevated landscapes holding half of the global biodiversity hotspots (Kohler &amp; Maselli 2009). The tropical mountains have had pronounced alterations due to increasing land cover changes (Korner &amp; Spehn, 2019). Such modified landscapes get highlighted for their negative spin-offs (Foley et al., 2005). Instead, my study focuses on specific ecological settings that permit the establishment of native species in modified landscapes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb005d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9eb005d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Species distribution on mountains in modified landscapes is constrained mainly by habitat availability and connectivity, but their interaction effects with climate change also play an essential role (Fjelds\u00e5 et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2018).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e16b779 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e16b779\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Invasive landscapes are primary examples of modified habitats that render mountain biodiversity vulnerable (Colwell et al., 2008; Hoorn et al., 2018; McDougall et al., 2011). Stands of invasive timber are usually considered green deserts with very minimal biodiversity. Given the rapid depletion of natural forests, looking for passive restoration prospects of invasive woody stands for forest fauna, and flora becomes necessary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4857c1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4857c1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patterns of floral regeneration in the understory of the plantation stands require mapping at a regional scale for effective conservation interventions. Hence, one requires extrapolating understory conditions to a large-scale level using products from satellite data and validating with ground reference data of simultaneous structural properties of under- and overstory vegetation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb6f0d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb6f0d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Invasive landscapes can spread at a rate of 2-5% per year (Arasumani et al., 2018; Bar et al., 2004) in protected areas, rendering the task of forest managers an enormous challenge, particularly in developing countries of the tropics. Mapping invasion, thus, requires a cheap yet efficient method of sampling large stretches in minimal time by untrained professionals. Therefore, my objectives for the PhD are:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00e4712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"00e4712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>What are the patterns of landscape change in tropical mountainous regions, and how does the interaction with climate change affect the range?<\/li><li>What are the specific ecological settings in a modified landscape that permit native faunal biodiversity?<\/li><li>What vegetation attributes (compositional and structural) or environmental factors predict native understory plant regeneration in invasive timber landscapes?<\/li><li>Can we use a photo-based technique as an alternative to vegetation attributes in a fast-expanding invasive landscape in tropical mountains?<\/li><\/ol><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e4170e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e4170e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter 1: Patterns of landscape change in a tropical mountain, and interaction with climate change across the range.<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5d2b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5d2b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mountainous regions hold half of the global biodiversity hotspots but cover only 16.5 % to 27% of the total land area (Kohler &amp; Maselli 2009). They contain many endemic and threatened species (Fjelds\u00e5 et al., 2012), with high species richness, specifically in the tropics rather than in temperate latitudes. Mountains remain highly vulnerable to global change drivers, particularly land-use changes, and invasive species (Colwell et al., 2008; Hoorn et al., 2018). Still, climate change poses moderate but long-term threats to biodiversity at higher elevations, mainly since local climate could vary dramatically over short distances in the mountains (Fjelds\u00e5 et al. 2012; Fernandes and Price, 1988; K\u00f6rner, 2004; Colwell et al., 2008). The interaction between them may have a more significant overall impact on biodiversity than either of these drivers operating in isolation (Chazal &amp; Rounsevell, 2009). Thus, when studying changes in species distribution due to the changing climate and land use, it becomes essential to examine their interactions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9ae6ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9ae6ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Western Ghats is a chain of mountains running 1600 km parallel to the west coast of Peninsular India, extending between 8\u00b0 to 21\u00b0N. (Robin and Nandini, 2012). None of the studies discussing climate change and landscape change (Rajendran and Kitoh 2008; Varikoden et al. 2018; Kale et al., 2016) look at the interactions between climate change and land cover change. Our study seeks to fill the gaps in the literature on interactions of climate change and landscape change of Western Ghats with these objectives:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-051e381 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"051e381\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9283e6\" data-id=\"f9283e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4a94ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4a94ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Map the change in climatic parameters within the next 30 years across elevational and latitudinal gradients in the Western Ghats and locate the sensitive zones. <\/strong><em>We find the plains to have the most significant change in landscape.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2e0d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f2e0d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Map the change in the landscape across the Western Ghats and locate the sensitive zones.<\/strong> <em>We find the parts closer to the equator to face a stark shift in the temperature in the future.<\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a00e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a00e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Map the interaction of CC and LC and locate the sensitive zones.<\/strong> <em>We find mid-elevations and mountain tops (near the equator) most vulnerable to their integrated effects.<\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19fb1c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19fb1c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work completed<\/strong>: 90% of data analyses are complete; 80% of writing is done.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26eeab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26eeab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work done in 2021:\u00a0<\/strong>Integrated maps of climate and landscape change to create an RGB plot. Presented in RAC, PMRF review<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0f8caf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0f8caf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Target timeline<\/strong>: January 2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0518203 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0518203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Presentation of interim results:<\/strong>\u00a0RAC committee<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a1eabd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a1eabd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Course correction suggested<\/strong>: include landscape change predictions for the future.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1287cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1287cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Collaborator<\/strong>: Guha Dharmarajan, University of Georgia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bd77f6\" data-id=\"1bd77f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad1ff9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ad1ff9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1110\" height=\"1286\" src=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5689\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic1.png 1110w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic1-259x300.png 259w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic1-884x1024.png 884w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic1-768x890.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1110px) 100vw, 1110px\" style=\"width:100%;height:115.86%;max-width:1110px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-21a413f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21a413f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73baa74\" data-id=\"73baa74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-143ba60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"143ba60\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1241932\" data-id=\"1241932\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8981555 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8981555\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter 2: Attributes of modified landscape that permit the return of faunal biodiversity<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad9bb3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad9bb3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Forest species in the tropics use plantation forests extensively, but the quality of exotic invasive stands to rainforest animals has remained poorly understood (Brook et al., 2006; Wright and Muller-Landau, 2006a,b; Chazdon et al., 2009). Widespread on global mountains, it becomes necessary to look for conservational aspects of stands of invasive trees, given the rapid depletion of natural forests.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f12ce6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f12ce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Birds being conspicuous and widespread, are an excellent system to study succession in such novel habitats. Understory birds are the first guild to colonize undisturbed regions. But their presence is strongly affected by the age of stands and proximity to shola forests. Within the guild, while the generalists thrive, no studies have explained the succession of forest specialists into exotic invasive stands. Our study aims at studying the ecological settings in these modified habitats that favour both generalist and specialist understory birds. The conservation of such species requires understanding the spatial and structural aspects of such locations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5adf209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5adf209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shola Sky islands is an excellent system to study the establishing native faunal biodiversity in exotic plantations. The heavily modified landscape of Shola Sky Islands has created a complex wooded landscape of Shola forests and invasive stands. SSI are home to several threatened, endemic specialists and range-restricted birds that inhabit these novel habitats (Zarri et al., 2008). Thus, my primary question is: What are the specific ecological settings in a modified landscape that permit the establishment of faunal biodiversity?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4107fe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4107fe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>My objectives are:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6e0bc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6e0bc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Where does the faunal succession occur?<\/strong>\u00a0<em>We find the succession present in stands with greater basal area, height and canopy cover.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d608464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d608464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>What could be the drivers of these establishments?<\/strong><em>\u00a0We find the succession present in stands with a complex vegetation profile and proximity to shola forests.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc9de46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc9de46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work completed<\/strong>: Field: 70%; Preliminary analyses done at 2 stages<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9e3a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9e3a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Data from 239 plots collected (Palani, Anamalai &amp; Nilgiris), 242 plots remain<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2baf251 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2baf251\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work done in 2021:\u00a0<\/strong>Data from 100 plots collected across Nilgiris and Munnar, analyses done, results discussed in ESA conference 2021, and RAC 2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d4d65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3d4d65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Target timeline<\/strong>: July 2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2faf16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2faf16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Presentation of interim results<\/strong>: ESA conference 2021, NSAB conference 2020, IISER Tirupati Biology Day meet 2020, RAC committee 2021, PMRF review<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20d5df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20d5df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Course correction included<\/strong>: Abundance to be modelled, Distribution maps<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b9427d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b9427d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Collaborator<\/strong>: Devcharan Jathanna, WCS-India<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fa8d47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9fa8d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic2-1024x886.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5699\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic2-1024x886.png 1024w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic2-300x260.png 300w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic2-768x665.png 768w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic2.png 1398w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" style=\"width:100%;height:86.55%;max-width:1398px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Probability of occupancy against variables VPx_y = Foliage density (Vertical profile between x m to y m), Totbas_ar = Total Basal area, One Ha Buffer = Area of Shola forest within one ha buffer from surveyed plots, Daphniphyllum = Count of a pioneer species in Shola, Daphniphyllum neilgherrense.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f19c637 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f19c637\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a5a106\" data-id=\"4a5a106\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3f52210 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3f52210\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9452f5\" data-id=\"d9452f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8770a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8770a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter 3: Factors that predict native understory regeneration in invasive timber landscapes<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262de4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"262de4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Despite their negative impacts, plantations and invasive timber stands co-occur with germinating shade-tolerant native forest tree species (Parrotta, 1993). However, the establishment of seedlings into mature saplings under invasive stands is rarely documented (ref). With rapidly depleting natural forests, identifying factors responsible for controlling the natural regeneration of native trees under the stands of invasive exotic timber stands is essential to realize the prospective role of existing plantation stands as catalysts of succession.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e41c9c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e41c9c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Regeneration characteristics may vary across plantations depending on several structural factors and environmental\/ topographical factors (Thijs et al., 2014). Regeneration under the stands of certain invasive species has proved to be similar to that occurring under native tree stands (Geldenhuys et al., 2017; Abugre et al., 2019). Still, some studies speculate the arrest of the establishment of native seedlings in invasive stands (Tassin et al., 2009; Thijs et al., 2014). The ecological settings when native regeneration occurs is unclear.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e70d504 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e70d504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>For conservation, it is crucial to map regeneration to a regional scale by procuring products from satellite data and validating with ground reference data (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2017) of simultaneous structural properties of under- and overstory vegetation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8685290 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8685290\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Shola Sky Islands (SSIs) invasion is spreading at an alarming rate (Arasumani et al., 2019). For nuanced biodiversity conservation, it is vital to assess the attributes responsible for the establishment of native regeneration in invasive stands and map them across the entire landscape. Our objectives in this study are:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88dbf2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"88dbf2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic3-1024x343.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5703\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic3-1024x343.png 1024w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic3-300x101.png 300w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic3-768x258.png 768w, https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/pic3.png 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" style=\"width:100%;height:33.53%;max-width:1500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92a7096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92a7096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>What are the compositional and structural attributes that contribute to the establishment of native regeneration?<\/strong>\u00a0<em>We find the invasive stands of Acacia and Pine to show a reduced establishment of forest species regeneration while canopy cover, total basal area, and forest height to correlate positively.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ad10ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ad10ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>What are the environmental variables that contribute to the establishment of native regeneration?<\/strong>\u00a0<em>We see that the invasive stands under a greater rainfall regime, and proximity to Shola has increased forest species&#8217; establishment.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa6419c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa6419c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Can the correlation between compositional and structural attributes of undergrowth and canopy be generalized to a landscape level through satellite imagery?<em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><em>We expect the correlation to be high, and thus, we can achieve extrapolation.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a38b09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a38b09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work completed<\/strong>: 70%; Data from 210 plots collected (Palani, Anamalai &amp; Nilgiris), 242 plots remain<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abc319a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abc319a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work done in 2021:\u00a0<\/strong>Data collected for 80 grids, set of analyses done for 210 plots, preliminary results presented at PMRF review 2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4f0ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4f0ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Target timeline<\/strong>: July 2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-058721d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"058721d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Presentation of interim results<\/strong>: RAC committee 2021, PMRF review.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-217ed58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"217ed58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Course correction included<\/strong>: Distribution maps<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1cbaf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1cbaf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Collaborator<\/strong>: Arundhati Das, NCBS<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea96b54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea96b54\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8335ec7\" data-id=\"8335ec7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd30a3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd30a3a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46bc96f\" data-id=\"46bc96f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b86f1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b86f1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chapter 4: A photo-based alternative to assess vegetation attributes in tropical forests<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62d3827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62d3827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plantations can act as woodland ecosystems, alleviating forest regeneration (Brockerhoff et al., 2008). Hence, monitoring the understory growth becomes essential to understanding the long-term forest dynamics. Canopy structure and forest successional stage are two essential characteristics that can serve as predictor variables in a regenerating understory distribution modelling approach (Martinuzzi et al., 2009).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51fdc03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51fdc03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Satellite remote sensing data on the above canopy characteristics of the area of interest can be derived at an excellent temporal resolution. However, collecting below-canopy data over a regional scale can be challenging. Collecting individual tree attributes in each sampling plot can be extremely time consuming and labour intensive (Wang &amp; Kershaw, 2020).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6459483 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6459483\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Several sampling methods can obtain precise data with efficient field processes. Terrestrial LiDAR uses an efficient active remote-sensing technique, but the cost of the instrument can be highly constraining. 360\u00b0 spherical camera combined with the angle count sampling (ACS) (Bitterlich, 1984) technique has offered an inexpensive and effective option for obtaining direct stand-level measurements (Wang &amp; Kershaw, 2020). Such measurements, however, are in temperate plantations with simple vegetation structure. Translating these techniques to tropical regions can pose several challenges. Effects of understory vegetation, inconsistent light exposure and sloping terrain can produce heavy deviations from the results obtained.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9276ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9276ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shola forests of Western Ghats provide a good site for testing the feasibility of using this sampling method in tropical forests and plantations. Exotic plantations with heavy undergrowth, terrains with slopes &gt; 45\u00b0, and variable lighting conditions affected by thick canopy cover or bouts of heavy mists render these wooded areas challenging to use spherical cameras for sampling.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-facf7bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"facf7bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Invasive Acacia, studied using satellite data, is known to spread at a rate of 2-5% per year; (Arasumani et al., 2018; Bar et al., 2004). The Tamil Nadu and Kerala Forest departments have mandated a removal of these invasives, starting with regions with low structural complexity. However there remains an enormous challenge of mapping the invasion across a large region. Hence, it is necessary to seek quicker and cheaper instruments to survey vegetational structure in tropical mountains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e27b93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e27b93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>So, I ask: Would a photo-based sampling technique be a more practical (faster and efficient) alternative instead of a terrestrial LiDAR to mensurate vegetation attributes in a fast-expanding invasive landscape in tropical mountains?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c1c00b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c1c00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>The objectives of the study are:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52ef239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52ef239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>How would the use of spherical images to estimate angle-count sampling be correlated to manually collected samples in continuous gradation of light intensity, slope and undergrowth?\u00a0<\/strong><em>We expect the visibility to reduce with higher mist conditions and increasing undergrowth and produce erroneous results with steeper slopes, affecting the correlations significantly.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d75aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65d75aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>How much more time-efficient would it be to use spherical images to estimate angle-count sampling than collecting vegetation data by LiDAR or manual sampling?\u00a0<\/strong><em>We expect the ACS with 360 cameras will be more time-efficient than LiDAR (post-processing included) and manual sampling.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f32ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4f32ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work completed<\/strong>: 20%; only trial data collected<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45bfc83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45bfc83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Work done in 2021:\u00a0<\/strong>360 camera Data collected for 60 plots, preliminary data analyses<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78d764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e78d764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Target timeline<\/strong>: Dec 2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d24e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93d24e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Presentation of interim results<\/strong>: NA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-376db1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"376db1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Course correction included<\/strong>: NA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e39e521 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e39e521\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Collaborator<\/strong>: John Kershaw, UNB Canada<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-141292d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"141292d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fe0a08\" data-id=\"3fe0a08\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a67d748 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a67d748\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-710f551\" data-id=\"710f551\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b081a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b081a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Other PMRF Requirements (teaching):<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65820e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65820e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Year 1: Jan 2020 &#8211; Dec 2020: 10 Hours of teaching<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15656a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15656a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Year 2: Jan 2021 &#8211; Dec 2021: Currently 13.5 hours of teaching, 24 hours scheduled for November-December<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4648e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4648e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Class teaching experience<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<em>Mapping<\/em>\u00a0<em>Climate change across Palni Hills<\/em>\u00a0for Std XII students at Kodaikanal International School, Kodaikanal in August to November 2021.\u00a0<em>11 hours<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5c49d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5c49d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Class teaching experience<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<em>Regeneration Ecology<\/em>\u00a0for M.Sc. students at Department of Botany, St. Francis College of Women, Hyderabad in September 2021.\u00a0<em>1 hour<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e845682 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e845682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Class teaching experience<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<em>Avian<\/em>\u00a0<em>Ecology<\/em>\u00a0for M.Sc. students at Department of Ecology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry in June 2021.\u00a0<em>1 hour<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a02067c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a02067c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Class teaching experience<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<em>Ecology<\/em>\u00a0for M.Sc. students at Department of Wildlife Biology, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam in September-October 2020.\u00a0<em>8 hours<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72d0862 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72d0862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Class teaching experience<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<em>Landscape design<\/em>\u00a0for B.Arch. students (Semester V) at Institute of Architecture &amp; Planning, Nirma University in October 2020.\u00a0<em>1 hour<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39ab9f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39ab9f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Webinar experience<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<em>Birds in Natural and Urban Landscapes<\/em>\u00a0in the July Web-Talk Series on \u2018Ecologically Sensitive Design Solutions\u2019 by Indian Society of Landscape Architects (ISOLA)-Bangalore in July 2020.\u00a0<em>1 hour<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff426e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff426e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>PMRF review on 27th October 2021:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d4ecf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d4ecf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committee composed of: Dr Mewa Singh, Dr Mahesh Sankaran, Dr Ramesh Sonti<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64eca0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64eca0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1st RAC meeting on 16th April 2021:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4053c9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4053c9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committee composed of: Dr John Kershaw, Dr Devcharan Jathanna, Dr VV Robin<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4115325 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4115325\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Comprehensive\u00a0Exam\u00a0Seminar<\/strong><strong>\u00a0on 20th July 2021:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f2d100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f2d100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Committee composed of: Dr Nandini Rajamani, Dr BJ Rao, Dr VV Robin<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-741f387 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"741f387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Field Work<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf749c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cf749c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Re-initiated in the hills of Berijam, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu from 15th November 2021, extended till Mukurthi National Park and Nilgiri Buffer zone. The fieldwork also spilled into Shola National Parks (Pampadum and Mathikettan), Munnar Buffer Forests in Anamalai hills<\/li><li>Study Site: Field stations were based out of Kodaikanal fieldstation, Pykara Forest guest house, Mukurthi Anti-poaching camps, Pampadum Shola National Park guest house, Munnar forest rest house and Mathikettan Shola National Park guest house to cover a large part of the 1500 sq km landscape.<\/li><li>Assisting Team members: Two field assistants and eighteen interns assisted me in collecting data<\/li><li>Time period: Six months &#8211; November 2020 to April 2021<\/li><li>Plots sampled: 100 nested square plots of 1ha and 4ha across the landscape (both bird survey and vegetation sampling).<\/li><li>Challenges faced: We had to discontinue our field work in the months of May because of the second wave of Covid.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de4686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5de4686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Publications and Presentations<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec4167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ec4167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Jude, D., Aravind, P.S., Chanda, R., Subash, M., Jobin, V., (2021) Provisioning behaviour of Malabar Starling\u00a0<em>Sturnia blythii. Indian Birds. Manuscript accepted.<\/em><\/li><li>Jobin, V., Chanda, R., Harikrishnan, CP, Lawrence, S., Arasumani, M., Jathanna, D., Robin, VV, (5th August 2021) \u201cWhat are the specific ecological settings in a novel, invasive landscape that permit native avian succession?\u201d, Poster presentation at Ecological Society of America.<\/li><li>Jobin, V., Chanda, R., Harikrishnan, CP, Lawrence, S., Arasumani, M., Jathanna, D., Robin, VV, (August\u00a02022) \u201cHow do understory birds respond to the impacts of exotic tree invasion in the Shola Sky Islands?\u201d, Talk Presentation at International Ornithological Congress\u00a02022<em>, Abstract accepted<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e4a584 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e4a584\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Papers in preparation<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a00ed53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a00ed53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Jobin, V., Chanda, R., Harikrishnan, CP, Lawrence S., Das, A., Robin, VV., (2021) What characters permit native forest regeneration in exotic, invasive timber stands across the entire Shola Sky Island habitat?\u00a0<em>Manuscript in preparation.<\/em><\/li><li>Jobin, V., Meera, M., Dharmarajan, G., Gupta, P., Mukherjee, S., Robin, VV., (2021) Understanding the Patterns of climate and landscape change in the Western Ghats on conservation of biodiversity.\u00a0<em>Manuscript in preparation<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>REPORT FOR PMR FELLOWSHIP FROM JUNE 2020 &#8211; NOVEMBER 2021 JOBIN VARUGHESE PhD Topic: NATIVE BIODIVERSITY IN EXOTIC, INVASIVE TIMBER LANDSCAPES OF TROPICAL MOUNTAINS Executive Summary Mountainous regions are unique elevated landscapes holding half of the global biodiversity hotspots (Kohler &amp; Maselli 2009). The tropical mountains have had pronounced alterations due to increasing land cover&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/pmrf\/jobin-varughese\/pmr-fellowship-report-1\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">PMR FELLOWSHIP REPORT 1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":4234,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_expiration-date-status":"","_expiration-date":0,"_expiration-date-type":"","_expiration-date-categories":[],"_expiration-date-options":[]},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5671"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5671"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8242,"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5671\/revisions\/8242"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iiser.ntc-us.com\/iisernew\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}