We are interested in identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind signal transduction in plants to unravel plant signaling pathways extending from receptors to signaling cascades and target genes that are crucial to root nodule development, plant architecture determination and stress adaptation. The important questions are: How signaling is initiated by receptor-like kinases and which kind of ligands bind to the receptors? How is downstream regulatory network modulated by receptor kinases from lower to higher groups of plants? How is receptor-mediated signaling orchestrated the gene expression? We approach our questions both in model and crop plants with current tools in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, cell biology and biotechnology to achieve a notion for improving agricultural productivity.